Probability Distribution of Solution Time in GRASP: An Experimental Investigation

A GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedure) is a multi-start metaheuristic for combinatorial optimization. We study the probability distributions of solution time to a sub-optimal target value in five GRASPs that have appeared in the literature and for which source code is available. The distributions are estimated by running 12,000 independent runs of the heuristic. Standard methodology for graphical analysis is used to compare the empirical and theoretical distributions and estimate the parameters of the distributions. We conclude that the solution time to a sub-optimal target value fits a two-parameter exponential distribution. Hence, it is possible to approximately achieve linear speed-up by implementing GRASP in parallel.     

A shock tube research facility for high-resolution measurements of compressible turbulence

A new shock tube facility with a 30.5 cm (1 ft) inside diameter is currently in operation that allows for high-spatial-resolution measurements of compressible turbulence. Small scales of turbulence behave very differently from large scales when they interact with shock or expansion waves. Highly resolved measurements can provide new information on the interaction at small scales. Another notable characteristic of the present facility is the ability to control the flow velocity behind the reflected shock through the porosity of the reflecting wall. Tests showed good flow quality with sufficiently long observation times. Measurements of piecewise average skin friction over short segments of the tube indicated strong viscous effects very close to the diaphragm where the shock is developing. The skin friction and the shock propagation speed virtually remained constant inside the working section of the shock tube in all investigated flow cases, even in low Mach number cases where viscous effects are stronger. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulations, including the effects of the reflecting porous wall and viscous effects.     

航空公司部分多属的枢纽机场定价研究

平台经济理论的运用是机场管理研究的新视角.以机场为平台商,航空公司和乘客为平台用户,在平台经济的分析框架下,以Armstrong价格模型为基础,并吸收Hotelling模型关于平台竞争及客户异质性的构建思想,针对竞争性的枢纽机场的定价策略进行研究.结果表明:机场的定价策略与航空公司和乘客的网络外部性参数和需求的价格弹性、乘客的预期交易次数、机场服务成本有关;倾斜的定价策略和航空收入与非航空收入的交叉补贴并不适用于模型假设下的机场.     

反向起爆模型下的冲击波加载

为了实现对大尺寸材料试件的动态加载,得到与轻气炮加载应力波相同的爆炸加载冲击波,基于叠加原理,提出了利用炸药反向起爆模型完成对可压缩固体材料的冲击波加载。通过联立爆炸产物和可压缩流体的速度-压力曲线以及综合考虑炸药和材料试件各自由边所受稀疏波干扰的情况,从理论上给出了冲击波压力和冲击波加载平台宽度的计算方法。并结合数值模拟,对理论分析结果进行了验证,两者基本一致。     

斑马鱼C型起动中动力学特性的活体实验研究

提出了一种从鱼类自主游动的运动学实验数据出发推算其动力学特性的实验研究方法。该方法基于变形体动力学方程,不仅可以计算出变形鱼体的整体转动角速度以完善其运动学数据,还可以计算出作用在自主游动的鱼体上的流体合力和流体合力矩,进而分析鱼体的力能学特征。本文运用此方法研究了斑马鱼的两种典型C型起动,对比分析了它们的运动学及力能学特征。结果表明,在相仿的C型弯曲变形下,逃逸型C型起动与非逃逸型C型起动相比,前者推力较大,导致其在前进方向上的质心速率较大;前者侧向力较大,导致其转弯半径较小;前者转矩较大,但因在起动中后期的S型摆动产生了反向转矩,最终导致转动角度小于后者。通过对两种典型C型起动的实验研究发现,斑马鱼会因不同的运动需求而表现出不同的机动性能。     

步进摩擦分析测试平台的研制

研制了步进摩擦分析测试平台,可用于检测人体在静止及运动路面上的步进摩擦特性.该平台主要由六自由度摇摆台、三维测力台和数据采集系统三部分构成,六自由度摇摆台可提供六个自由度的任意组合运动,用来模拟舰船、海浪和地震等工况;三维测力台可测量出人体在行走时的三维力和力矩;数据采集系统将六自由度运动平台和三维测力台的输出数据采集并保存到计算机中,用来分析人体运动时的步进摩擦特性.采用研制平台进行了一组试验,结果表明:人在上、下坡行走时的垂直地面反作用力与在水平路面行走时的垂直地面反作用力具有不同的分布规律,并且垂直地面反作用力均随坡度角的增大而减小.     

Evolving the Optical Transport Network Management to Integrate Multiple Technologies and Services

Abstract

Optical networks are evolving at a fast pace from traditional synchronous digital hierarchy/synchronous optical network (SDH/SONET) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) infrastructures, used by client network layers in overlay mode, to a converged multi-service and multi-technology network able to transport traditional time division multiplexing (TDM) traffic and new packet traffic in a flexible way. Alcatel-Lucent is leading the network transformation required by network providers to offer data transport while guaranteeing the same quality and reliability typical of classical transport services. The introduction of new data communication services requires an evolution of the network management platform that needs to integrate new management applications associated with the new technologies and services. The resulting network has to be integrated from service provisioning and management system viewpoints to optimize its use and to reduce the in-field modifications of the transport network. This article describes specificities in the management of multi-service networks, identifying the management architecture able to support the rapid evolution of such environment.     

Lifetimes of rovibrational levels of the long-range I′ 1Πg state of H2 and D2: experiment and theory

The lifetimes of the lowest lying rovibrational levels of the outer well I′ ¹Π_g state of molecular hydrogen were measured for both H₂ and D₂. The measurements were made by direct observation of the time-dependent decay of the fluorescence. The observed lifetimes depend on isotopomer and increase with vibrational excitation. The predominant decay route for these levels is fluorescence. Previously published ab initio lifetimes calculated for these states, which accounted for non-adiabatic interactions [J. Chem. Phys. 92, 7461 (1990)], are in good agreement with experiment for H₂ but are too long by four or five orders of magnitude for D₂. We present new ab initio results at the adiabatic level for the fluorescence lifetimes. The current results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental lifetimes for both H₂ and D₂. We explain the isotopomer and vibrational dependence of the lifetimes and discuss the neglected interactions and decay pathways.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE HEAT TRANSFER OF TURBULENT FLOW IN A PIPE OSCILLATING AT LOW FREQUENCIES

An experimental study was performed focusing on heat transfer and friction coefficient associated with turbulent oscillating tube flow. For this goal an oscillating mechanism was designed. Experiments were conducted for the low oscillating frequency in the range of 0.008–1.988 Hz and dimensionless amplitude was chosen as X₀ = 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9. Reynolds number was changed from 0.5 × 10⁴ to 2.5 × 10⁴. The bulk temperature of the fluid at the exit of the oscillating section was fond to be increasing with oscillating frequency and amplitude. For the oscillating cases, heat transfer enhancement is obtained 52% for f = 1.988 s^?1, 40% for f = 1.320 s^?1, and 28% for f = 0.008 s^?1, in comparison with the smooth pipe at the highest Reynolds number. The results also showed that Nusselt number and friction coefficient also increased with increasing frequency and amplitude.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.